World War II As It Happened
A MaritimeQuest Daily Event Special Presentation
Wednesday March 19, 1941
Day 566

March 19, 1941: Front page of the Nottingham Evening Post, Nottingham, England.
(Click on the image for a readable version.)
 
Note the photo at top: " American Eagle Squadron with the R.A.F."
 
Also note the report in column4: "Next Call-Up Of Women - The 22s and 23s Are Almost Certain"


March 19, 1941: Front page of The Daily Mail, Hull, England.
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March 19, 1941: Front page of the Birmingham Gazette, Birmingham, England.
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March 19, 1941: Front page of the Evening Telegraph and Post, Dundee, Scotland.
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March 19, 1941: Front page of The Examiner, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia.
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March 19, 1941: Front page of The Sydney Sun, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
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March 19, 1941: Front page of The Telegraph, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Note the headline report: "Three U-Boats Destroyed In Single Day"
(Churchill was told by the Admiralty that three had been sunk, but in fact, only two had been sunk. These two boats were big losses for the Germans. U-99, Kapitänleutnant Otto Kretschmer, the top scoring U-boat commander of the Second World War, whose record was 47 ships for over 274,000 tons and U-100 under the command of Kapitänleutnant Joachim Schepke, another of the top U-boat commanders, who sank 37 ships for over 155,000 tons. In March of 1941 the Germans lost three of their best U-boat commanders, those mentioned above and also Günther Prien of U-47 fame. His boat was lost on or about Mar. 7th.)


March 19, 1941: Front page of The Lethbridge Herald, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.
(Click on the image for a readable version.)
 
Note the report at top left: "Walt Disney Film Creatures Enlist"
Also note the report in column 2: "East Indian Ship Sunk by Raider"
(The Japanese news agency, DOMEI, claimed that the ship, Rantaupandjang, had been sunk by a German raider named Tokyo Maru. I can't help but believe that there was some confusion in translation as no German ship would carry the name Maru. The Rantaupandjang was sunk by the German cruiser Admiral Scheer on Feb. 23rd.)


March 19, 1941: Front page of The Winnipeg Tribune, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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March 19, 1941: Front page of the Biddeford Daily Journal, Biddeford, Maine.
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Note the report in columns 7-8: "British Urged To Abandon Convoys"
(Some American experts were advising the British how to keep their ships safe. The experts, apparently had not done much in the way of analyzing the date from the Great War or the data up to this point in the Second World War. All analysis of the convoy system, during the war and post war, indicate that the convoy system was by far the best way to get ships across the Atlantic in wartime. While there had been some spectacular attacks on convoys recently and there would continue to be more attacks, it was far easier to direct and defend a group of ships as opposed to single ships sailing across the ocean. When a single ship was attacked, it almost never got away, but when a convoy was attacked, many times the U-boats did not get away. A recent example can be found in the reports of the attack on convoy OB-293, which lost three ships, but it cost the Germans two U-boats, with a third so badly damaged it had to return to port. Killing U-boats would get easier, but like any endeavor, people had to learn how to accomplish the task. They also needed better weapons and detection equipment, both would come in time.

The experts suggested a "lane of destroyers" be established across the Atlantic. Their plan was to have 50 destroyers assigned to patrol the 2,000-mile route. They also state that 40 would be on patrol at all times while 10 would be in port refueling or en route to or from the patrol zone. An is an overly optimistic assessment. The Germans learned that the number of U-boats in commission had to be divided by three, one third on patrol, one third en route to or from their patrol area and one third in port refueling and repairing.

Having 40 destroyers on patrol would mean one destroyer for every 50 miles of ocean, and every time a ship sent an S.O.S. the destroyers would scramble to and fro chasing U-boats which had already left the area because they knew a destroyer would be along soon. It should be pointed out that the Germans would soon figure out the patrol schedule and would be able to work around it. It's also worth pointing out that putting the ships in a "protected lane" would make it easier for the Germans to locate the ships, which was the exact argument being used against the convoy system. The convoys could be routed north or south of known U-boats, and the U-boats had to search the whole ocean for the convoys. But, if the ships were confined to a single lane, the U-boats could focus on that lane rather than range all over the wide ocean.

While we will never know if such a tactic would have been more effective, it is unlikely that it could have been effectively deployed and maintained. It should also be noted that successful anti-submarine tactics usually involved more than one ship, and it is likely that a single destroyer would not have been as effective against the U-boats. It is also likely that single destroyers would have been much easier for the U-boat captains to find and sink.)


March 19, 1941: Front page of The Evening Star, Washington, D.C.
(Click on the image for a readable version.)
 
Note the report in column 7: "Boston Navy Yard Damaged by Fire and Series of Blasts"


March 19, 1941: Front page of The Lowell Sun, Lowell, Massachusetts.
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March 19, 1941: Front page of The Evening Gazette, Xenia, Ohio.
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March 19, 1941: Front page of The Port Arthur News, Port Arthur, Texas.
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Note the report in column 4: "Sub Report Probe Asked"
(Montana Democrat Senator Burton Wheeler, wants to know where the report of German submarines operating off the U.S. coast came from. He suspects it's British propaganda, and he was exactly correct.)
Also note the report in column 4: "Nazi Promoted"
(The German press announced the promotion of Günther Prien to Commander (Korvettenkapitän) as of March 1st. His promotion came just days before Prien and U-47 were lost on Mar. 7th.)


March 19, 1941: Front page of the San Mateo Times, San Mateo, California.
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March 19, 1941: Front page of the Hamburger Neueste Zeitung, Altona, Hamburg, Germany.
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1. Während der ganzen Nacht Bomben auf Hull.
(Hull bombed all night.)
2. Mit starken Luftwaffenkräften gegen England.
(With strong Luftwaffe forces against England.)


March 19, 1941: Front page of the Völkischer Beobachter, the official newspaper of the NSDAP.
(Click on the image for a readable version.)
1. Englands Weltversicherung entlarvt die britische Admiralität.
(England's world insurance exposes the British Admiralty.)
2. 1245 allein bei Lloyds versicherte Schiffe als verloren zugegeben.
(1,245 ships insured by Lloyds alone admitted as lost.)



   
Page published March 19, 2022